This study aims to analyze a small-scale economy of a Mediterranean island, Andros, based on data from the Ottoman land registry of the year 1670, which is published in full at the end of the book in a transcription in modern Turkish and a translation in Greek.

The Ottoman land registry records individually the landowners in Andros and their properties by settlement, immediately after the end of the Cretan War. It represents an almost complete depiction of the island's settlement network and its people during the Ottoman years; contemporary Andrians who leaf through the pages of the registry's publication will encounter here the settlements, the baptismal and family names of earlier Andrians, as the basic structure of the population and settlement on the island had already crystallized during the Ottoman years and had not changed until very recently.

Furthermore, the analysis of the properties and the sizes of the island's economy at that given moment, namely at the end of the 17th century, reveals –according to the study's estimates– the forgotten agricultural past of Andros, which was still timidly opening up to shipping, mainly through the commercialization of silk.

In addition, the analysis of the distribution of properties based on the Ottoman land registry allows us to identify the social stratification in Andros during the early modern times, between the lords of the Chora and the rural populations who cultivated the land and herded their flocks in the valleys and slopes of the island.