The 6th edition of this classic reference on eye diseases is the ideal guide for all clinical physicians treating eye disorders. The comprehensive and concise format of the text makes this user-friendly guide an excellent aid for the diagnosis and management of hundreds of eye conditions.

This pocket manual covers - from symptoms to treatment - all eye disorders that a physician may encounter in private practice, in emergency situations, or in a hospital setting.

New features in the 6th edition: Fully updated and enhanced chapters to expand or include new topics. Data derived from recent major clinical trials relevant to the care of patients with age-related macular degeneration and retinal vein occlusion.

Updated text on the management of orbital fractures, eyelid lacerations/scars, and eye malignancies. New high-resolution images of external disease processes, the anterior and posterior segments. Updated imaging methods, with special attention to optical coherence tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, computed (CT) tomography, and ultrasound biomicroscopy.

Contributors v Consultants vii Introduction ix Preface xi Preface of the first edition xiii Preface of the Greek edition xv Table of contents xvii

CHAPTER 1 Differential diagnosis of eye symptoms 1

CHAPTER 2 Differential diagnosis of eye signs 6

CHAPTER 3 Trauma 13

3.1 Chemical burn 13

3.2 Corneal abrasion 16

3.3 Foreign bodies of the cornea and conjunctiva 18

3.4 Rupture of the conjunctiva 20

3.5 Traumatic iritis 21

3.6 Hyphema and microhyphema 21

3.7 Iridodialysis/cyclodialysis 26

3.8 Eyelid laceration 27

3.9 Blow-out fracture of the orbit 33

3.10 Traumatic retrobulbar hemorrhage 36

3.11 Traumatic optic neuropathy 41

3.12 Intra-orbital foreign body 44

3.13 Rupture of the cornea 46

3.14 Rupture of the globe and perforating ocular injury 48

3.15 Intraocular foreign body 50

3.16 Retinal concussion 52

3.17 Traumatic rupture of the choroid 53

3.18 Choroiditis from gunshot wound 54

3.19 Purtscher retinopathy 55

3.20 Shaken baby syndrome/Neurotrauma from child abuse 56

CHAPTER 4 Cornea 59

4.1 Superficial punctate keratopathy 59

4.2 Recurrent corneal epithelial erosion 61

4.3 Dry eye syndrome 63

4.4 Filamentary keratopathy 65

4.5 Exposure keratopathy 66

4.6 Neurotrophic keratopathy 67

4.7 Thermal keratopathy/UV radiation keratopathy 69

4.8 Superficial punctate keratopathy of Thygeson 70

4.9 Pterygium/steatoma 71

4.10 Zone keratopathy 72

4.11 Bacterial keratitis 74

4.12 Fungal keratitis 78

4.13 Acanthamoeba keratitis 80

4.14 Crystaline keratopathy 82

4.15 Herpes simplex virus 83

4.16 Ocular herpes zoster/Varicella-zoster virus 87

4.17 Ocular infection from vaccinia 91

4.18 Interstitial keratitis 93

4.19 Staphylococcal hypersensitivity 94

4.20 Pustulosis 96

4.21 Contact lens-related problems 97

4.22 Contact lens-induced giant papillary conjunctivitis 101

4.23 Peripheral thinning/corneal ulceration 102

4.24 Dellen 105

4.25 Keratoconus 106

4.26 Corneal dystrophies 107

4.27 Fuchs endothelial dystrophy 109

4.28 Aphakic bullous keratopathy/pseudophakic bullous keratopathy 110

4.29 Corneal graft rejection 112

4.30 Complications of corneal refractive surgery 113

CHAPTER 5 Conjunctiva/sclera/iris/external diseases 118

5.1 Acute conjunctivitis 118

5.2 Chronic conjunctivitis 124

5.3 Ophthalmic gland conjunctivitis (Parinaud) 126

5.4 Keratoconjunctivitis of the upper scleral-corneal border 127

5.5 Subconjunctival hemorrhage (hyphema) 129

5.6 Episcleritis 130

5.7 Scleritis 131

5.8 Blepharitis/meibomitis 134

5.9 Ocular rosacea 135

5.10 Ocular cicatricial pemphigoid 136

5.11 Contact dermatitis 138

5.12 Tumors of the conjunctiva 138

5.13 Malignant melanoma of the iris 142

CHAPTER 6 Eyelids 145

6.1 Ptosis of the upper eyelid 145

6.2 Chalazion/hordeolum 147

6.3 Ectropion 149

6.4 Entropion 150

6.5 Trichiasis 151

6.6 Loose eyelid syndrome 152

6.7 Blepharospasm 153

6.8 Tube erysipelas 154

6.9 Dacryocystitis/inflammation of the lacrimal sac 155

6.10 Preorbital cellulitis 157

6.11 Malignant tumors of the eyelids 160

CHAPTER 7 Orbit 163

7.1 Diseases of the orbit 163

7.2 Inflammatory disease of the orbit 164

7.3 Infectious disease of the orbit 169

7.4 Tumors of the orbit 176

7.5 Trauma to the orbit 184

7.6 Lacrimal gland mass/chronic dacryoadenitis 184

7.7 Various diseases of the orbit 187

CHAPTER 8 Pediatric ophthalmology 189

8.1 Leukocoria 189

8.2 Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) 191

8.3 Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy 194

8.4 Esotropia in children 195

8.5 Exotropia in children 198

8.6 Strabismus syndromes 201

8.7 Amblyopia 202

8.8 Congenital cataract 204

8.9 Neonatal conjunctivitis (neonatal ophthalmia) 206

8.10 Congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct 208

8.11 Congenital/infantile glaucoma 209

8.12 Anomalies/dysgenesis of the development of the anterior segment and lens 212

8.13 Congenital ptosis of the upper eyelid 214

8.14 The bilaterally blind infant 215

CHAPTER 9 Glaucoma 218

9.1 Primary open-angle glaucoma 218

9.2 Primary open-angle glaucoma with low pressure (normal pressure glaucoma) 225

9.3 Ocular hypertension 227

9.4 Acute closed-angle glaucoma 228

9.5 Chronic closed-angle glaucoma 231

9.6 Glaucoma due to angle recession 233

9.7 Inflammatory open-angle glaucoma 234

9.8 Cyclo-glaucomatous crisis/Posner-Schlossman syndrome 235

9.9 Corticosteroid glaucoma 237

9.10 Pigmentary dispersion syndrome/pigmentary glaucoma 238

9.11 Pseudoexfoliation syndrome/pseudoexfoliative glaucoma 240

9.12 Lens-induced glaucoma 242

9.13 Plateau iris 245

9.14 Neovascular glaucoma 246

9.15 Iris-corneal endothelial syndrome 249

9.16 Post-surgical glaucoma 251

9.17 Aqueous humor misdirection syndrome/malignant glaucoma 253

9.18 Post-surgical complications of glaucoma surgeries 254

9.19 Infection of the filtering bleb (blebitis) 257

CHAPTER 10 Neuro-ophthalmology 242

10.1 Anisocoria 259

10.2 Horner's syndrome 261

10.3 Argyll Robertson pupils 263

10.4 Adie's pupil (tonic pupil) 264

10.5 Isolated third nerve palsy 265

10.6 Third nerve regeneration deviation 268

10.7 Isolated fourth nerve palsy 269

10.8 Isolated sixth nerve palsy 272

10.9 Isolated seventh nerve palsy 274

10.10 Cavernous sinus and related syndromes (palsies of multiple ocular nerves) 277

10.11 Myasthenia gravis 281

10.12 Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 284

10.13 Inter-nuclear ophthalmoplegia 286

10.14 Optic neuritis 287

10.15 Papilledema (swelling of the optic disc) 290

10.16 Idiopathic intracranial hypertension/pseudotumor cerebri 292

10.17 Arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (giant cell arteritis)