In the first text, the historian presents the life, work, and moral virtues of the king of Sparta, Agesilaus II, one of the most important political and military figures of ancient Greece, the leader with a pan-Hellenic vision, which he maintained and sought to fulfill until the end of his life.

After an introduction to the content, the reasons for its composition, and the historical context of Agesilaus's actions, the translator provides a detailed commentary based on sources and contemporary literature, where, among other things, several pieces of information from Byzantine sources are presented for the first time.

In the `Lacedaemonian Constitution`, the deep difference between the oligarchic regime of Sparta and the `Athenian Constitution`, which is liberal and democratic, comes to the fore. These political systems, with only minor deviations, reappeared throughout history and are predominant in our days.

They differ only in the `control mechanisms` and the `imposition of penalties` on those who deviate, which in ancient times operated with great strictness for both the rulers and the ruled, a matter that is applied unevenly in our time.