CRITICISM, AS I HOPE to emphasize one day, makes thought a wonderful tool. We, with our educational system, have loaded memory with a multitude of unrelated facts and are diligently trying to transmit the knowledge we have acquired with effort. We teach people how to remember, but we never teach them how to grow.

It never crossed our minds to attempt to develop thought so that it gains a finer ability for observation and perception. The ancient Greeks put this into practice, and when we come into contact with ancient Greek critical thought, we cannot help but realize that while our subjects are in every respect broader and more diverse than theirs, their method remains the only one with which these subjects can be interpreted.

England has achieved one thing: it invented and established Public Opinion, an attempt to organize the ignorance of society and elevate it to the prominent position of a natural force. However, Wisdom has always remained hidden. If we consider it an instrument of thought, the English mind is rough and underdeveloped. The only thing that can purify it is the development of the critical instinct.

NO, EMOTIONS will not make us citizens of the world, just as greed for profit could not make us citizens of the world. Only by cultivating the habit of intellectual criticism will we be able to overcome racial prejudices.

CRITICISM WILL ELIMINATE racial prejudices by insisting on the unity of human thought through the variety of its forms. If we are tempted to declare war on another nation, we will then remember that it is like wanting to destroy an element of our own culture, possibly the most significant of all.

As long as war is considered something terrible, it will continue to maintain its allure. When we face it as vulgar, it will cease to be popular. Change, of course, will come slowly, and people will not realize it. They will not say, 'We will not fight against France because its literature is wonderful,' but precisely because France has wonderful literature, people will not hate that country.

Spiritual criticism will connect Europe with much closer ties than those to be developed between shopkeepers or the emotional, and it will offer us the peace that stems from understanding.