It would be remiss of me not to emphasize in this brief preface that I have been developing the topic of the first Universities for about thirty years now and I am continuously researching it for three reasons:

1) Because it still has many unexplored aspects. In private and state archives in Italy, there are hundreds of documents and unknown medieval codes, both Greek and Latin.

2) Because it presents significant national, Greek, and pan-European interest. It is time for young people—students and others—to learn who and how the first textbooks of European universities were written, what their content was, and what exactly the cultural roots of Europe were.

3) Because it is one of the most fascinating and unquestionably unique phenomena of Europe's second millennium.

After all these years, I decided to publish this Seminar, even if certain aspects of the research have not been completed, such as a complete list of European students who studied and used texts by Hippocrates, Galen, Aristotle, Plato, Dioscorides, Euclid, Pythagoras, etc., between 1200 and 1300 for their doctoral dissertations or other studies through Latin, Arabic, and Syrian translations.

The material from the Seminar's courses is being published with added testimonies-documents of the time and with photographs of smaller murals and texts from manuscript codes, unknown in Greek literature.