Medical Education – A Neglected Art by Theodoros Moudokalaki, a long-time professor of Pathology at the Medical School of the University of Athens, focuses on an area of Medicine that has not received due attention until today. And that is none other than its teaching. As a daily clinical practice and a subject of learning, medical science should be taught in a thorough, detailed, and well-founded manner, so that knowledge is absorbed and becomes the property of the student-future physician.

In this direction, the book addresses topics such as educational objectives, assessment preparation, design, methods and techniques of education, and the application of assessment. The Appendix at the end of the book, featuring earlier writings by the author on medical education, demonstrates his timeless interest in this particular field, a field that has indeed been neglected.

Medical Education – A Neglected Art is a valuable aid for all those who approach medical science from the educator's perspective, not only the university teacher, but any educator who is to transmit scientific knowledge to students and physicians.

Contents

Foreword ix

Education and Educational Objectives 1

The Antisthenes "Visit" of "Education" and its Related "Names" 3

Educational Objectives or the Response of the Cheshire Cat to Alice and the Sad Fate of a Seahorse 6

Educational objectives are not a description of the training program nor the goal of education 12

General, Intermediate, and Specific Educational Objectives: let's focus our interest on the specific 18

How Specific Educational Objectives are Classified 29

Assessment: Preparation 33

The Connection Between Exams and Learning as a Measure to Prevent Arbitrariness 35

The Two Different Types of Assessment 41

Assessment must be governed by common rules and not left to the discretion of each examiner 44

How to Choose the Appropriate Assessment Method 49

Design, Methods, and Techniques of Education 57

How to Design and Implement an Education Program 59

Four Myths About Teaching and the Talented Dr. Fox 65

Lecture: the Ancient "Lecturing" 71

Bedside Teaching: the "Heart" of Medical Education 83

Small Group Teaching: "Students Who Speak" 91

Modern Methods and Techniques: e-learning and Simulation 107

How to Avoid Common Mistakes When Designing a PowerPoint Presentation 113

Assessment: Application 121

How to Evaluate the Educational Objectives of a Medical School 123

Types of Assessment During an Educational Program 132

Evaluation of Education and Educators by Students: Dare to Do It! 134

How to Maximize Oral Exams 139

Writing Questions for Written Exams: Not Such a Simple Matter 143

“Errare humanum est”: This Applies to Graders Too 158

Conclusion: Outside the "Ivory Tower" 168

Appendix 171

Medical Education: When You're Not Sure Where You're Going, You Risk Ending Up Somewhere Else 173

Humanism and Medical Education 184

Medical Schools and the National Health System: Confusion of Goals and Concepts 191

Role Models and Their Contribution to Medical Education 194

Medicine as It Is Not Taught 202

Views on the Education of Greek Doctors 208

Index 219