With "Agesilaus" and "The Constitution of the Lacedaemonians" (45th volume of the series), ZITROS publications present to the reading public two exceptional texts by Xenophon regarding the history, political system, and daily life of ancient Sparta.

In the first text, the ancient historian presents the life, work, and moral virtues of Agesilaus II, the king of Sparta, one of the most significant political and military figures of ancient Greece, a leader with a pan-Hellenic vision that he maintained and sought to realize until the end of his life. The related text, following an introduction on its content, reasons for its composition, and the historical context of Agesilaus's actions, has been translated by the philologist, Ph.D. of A.U.Th. Petros Vlachos, who also provides an analytical commentary based on sources and contemporary literature, where several pieces of information from Byzantine sources are presented for the first time. The text is prefaced by the emeritus professor of classical philology at the Faculty of Philosophy of A.U.Th. Mr. Dimitrios Lipourlis.

The "Constitution of the Lacedaemonians" is translated and interpreted by the philologist Giorgos Raptis, bringing to the forefront the deep difference between the oligarchic regime of Sparta and the "Constitution of the Athenians", which is liberal and democratic, political systems that with few deviations reappeared throughout history and are dominant in our times. They differ only in the "control mechanisms" and the "imposition of penalties" on the deviants, which in ancient times operated with great strictness for both the rulers and the ruled, a subject that in our time is applied unevenly.