This book presents the basic principles of the structure and function of extracorporeal circulation through sixteen chapters in an inductive manner, as well as all the modern techniques necessary for it. It is a mechanism essential for the majority of cardiac surgical procedures, the application of which combines applied physiology, technology, and technique. It requires knowledge of cardiac surgery, skill, experience, continuous training, monitoring of developments, and alignment with new protocols. The book gathers all the necessary background knowledge required for the science of extracorporeal circulation in cardiac surgery. It is aimed at students in health sciences, resident physicians, specialists in extracorporeal circulation, as well as cardiac surgeons and anesthesiologists, with the aim of providing them with a comprehensive theoretical and practical understanding of the process required for the application of extracorporeal circulation in heart surgeries.