If Cleopatra's nose had been different, the historical course on the vast boulevard of time would have evolved differently. Because through this rhetorical figure, the crucial contribution of the personalities of political leaders is highlighted, as an individual element of historical development, with a different coefficient of gravity each time, since it, along with other parameters, determines the political process, both ours and the global one. The parameter of the personalities of our political leaders is essentially dealt with in this work, through the presentation of their political monographs and in the chronological unit from our first post-war government to the present day. It seeks to shed light on the personal elements of Greek prime ministers, who, with their imaginative and visionary ideas, mistakes, and weaknesses, governed the country and shaped its course in history. Undoubtedly, the study of all the elements that composed the political and social presence of our political leaders is of paramount importance for the conquest of historical self-awareness, which helps nations and peoples to learn from the mistakes and difficulties of their historical past and to face the future with faith and optimism. Especially for young people, who, as the great teacher of political science Thanasis Diamantopoulos rightly points out, "Living in conditions of calm and political stability, they do not suspect the dramatic aspects of our historical past."