The book analyzes ideas about the Greek identity of emblematic figures (Pericle Giannopoulos, Ion Dragoumis, G. Konstantinidis-Skliros, George Sarantaris, Konstantinos Tsatsos, Zisis Lorentzatou, Dimitris Hatzis, Christos Malévitsis) that marked the 20th century.

Binary frameworks such as "Great" or "New" Greece, historical continuity or discontinuity, Hellenocentrism or cosmopolitanism, the West or the East, high literature or folk tradition, classicism or modernism, and their derivatives lead to an ambiguous worldview, with the weight sometimes falling on one side and sometimes on the other, resulting in them being internalized as insurmountable gaps, even today.

The simplified relationship with the complex living tradition and the incomplete self-consciousness with which Greek society has had to navigate over the past two centuries hinder our understanding of the root contradictions that divide it.

Only by clearly discerning the possibilities of their reconciliation can the collective consciousness instill in the structure of social and personal sentiment a magma of rational cosmic imperatives and irrational moral claims against various political and cultural desecrations.

The unfamiliarity with the multiple and varied interpretations that Aristotelian Platonism has undergone from antiquity to the 20th century, in both the West and the East, explains the inability to overcome the conflicting situations that provoke arbitrary or insidious disjunctions and the pseudo-dilemmas they generate, as well as our inability to diverge from them with innovative representations, symbolic forms, ideas, and actions that would open new paths for us.