The book is divided into five chapters. The first deals with the individual (whose primacy constitutes the primary axis of liberalism, as the author states), the unity of their personality, their responsibilities, their rights, the values they embody, and their relationship with the nation and the divine.

The second chapter presents the historical course of liberal ideas in Europe, as expressed through the thoughts of Hobbes, Locke, Montesquieu, Smith, de Tocqueville, St. Mill, and Hayek, to whom a large part of the book is dedicated.

The third chapter describes the functioning of capitalism and the mechanism of the invisible hand. How it ultimately manages to self-regulate, self-correct, and self-renew through competition, combating monopolies and generating 'miracles,' not only in the developed world but also in the Third World, as seen in Hong Kong, Korea, Taiwan, or Cyprus. In contrast, examples from India, Egypt, Africa, or countries of existing socialism show that development through a statist path does not exist.

The fourth chapter examines teleocracy (the realm of appointed purposes according to the author), which starts as a utopia and leads to totalitarianism through ideologies, such as Rousseau's 'general will' or Marx's 'class struggle.' The space dedicated to the USSR is particularly large. Additionally, this chapter analyzes the ideologies of social justice and income redistribution, as well as the mild forms of teleocracy, through the equality of outcomes of Western socialism.

The fifth chapter discusses Greek liberalism, the Enlightenment movement before the Revolution, romanticism after it, the birth of the peaceful state that inherited the teleocratic structures of Byzantium and the Ottoman period, expanded, occupied the entire space of civil society, and was slow to modernize into a state governed by the rule of law.

The conclusion, finally, challenges the 'end of history' with the end of communism and the Cold War, which was quite fashionable when the book was written. In the 'brand new' epilogue, the period after the collapse of 'existing' socialism and the predominance of liberal ideas and practices across the West and much of the rest of the world over the last two decades is described.