In this book, we attempt to present in detail some of the established information systems (IS) that are necessary for the operation of businesses. The presentation of these systems is done in a technical manner so that it serves as a foundation for those who want to develop or maintain such information systems.

The technical representation begins with identifying the problem and documenting the specifications and requirements of the examined information systems. This is followed by the logical design of these systems. In the logical design, we use Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) for designing processes and Entity Relationship Models (ERD) for the conceptual design of data.

The most significant established systems that we examine are those of General Accounting, Commercial Management, and Asset Management. Other systems of smaller scale or lesser extent are also explored.

The first part of the book includes foundational knowledge so that the reader does not need to refer to other works. The foundational knowledge includes both knowledge from the analysis and design of information systems and the necessary knowledge of accounting and investment evaluation.