The tempered glass is a tempered glass specifically designed to cover and protect your phone's screen from scratches and other damages. It does not affect the screen's functionality.
In case of a phone drop, it does not guarantee that the screen won't break along with it, but it provides an additional layer of protection. It is 2.5D, meaning that the perimeter has rounded edges for a smoother feel when touching the screen. It is especially useful for modern smartphones with curved screens.