Thucydides wrote something infinitely more complex than the history of the Peloponnesian War, powerfully depicting human nature.

His narrative serves as an excellent capture of psychological currents. In war conflicts, scholars primarily focus on external factors—political, economic, military—while ignoring the involvement of the psychological. However, the psychological reality is always present and precedes any external factor, determining it to an unimaginable degree.

This study, by examining the work of the great historian, highlights the hidden forces of destructiveness and death that reside at the core of human existence. The point where the psychological processes of individuals and groups culminate in what later appears as "History" is a domain that raises questions without obvious answers.

How? Do unseen psychological factors drive political and military actions? What intrapsychic conditions correspond to phenomena such as war or populism? Are "the many" always right? Under certain conditions, can they form a reservoir where the forces of destructiveness exponentially rise? Given the specifications and limitations of human nature (which have been scandalously ignored from the time of Thucydides to the present), what are the limits of institutions and democracy?