Did the Trojan War actually happen? And who won? Was it perhaps a figment of imagination: a fictional narrative for the receptive ears of a world emerging from the great crisis of the collapse of the Mycenaean palatial civilization (around 1200 BC) in the 8th century BC, needing to invent a fantastic heroic past as a central point of reference to lean on and restart? Or was it—regardless of any crisis—simply the moment when the Greek populations, who evolved in the Greek space after the arrival (or not) of the so-called Proto-Greeks (mentioned in the "Catalogue of Ships" of Homer's Iliad), constructed a fictional, common (and heroic) past, transitioning from the social stage of the household to the phase of the community? Was it merely the fantasies of newly formed elites to lend prestige to their position in a reshaping environment? Or are we ultimately talking about true stories as they were recorded in the memory of people?

Ahhiyawa, which is now accepted to likely refer to a political, geographical, and ethnological designation concerning the Achaeans, along with some names that refer to characters from the Homeric era, such as Atreus or Atreides/Attarissiya, Eteocles/Tawagalawa, possibly Agamemnon/Akagamuna and Alexander/Alaksandu (Paris of Troy), as well as the mentioned dispute with Wilusa (Ilium/Troy) over a dowry from a marriage, are presented among other things in Hittite state records dating from the 15th to the 13th century BC.

Following the archaeological findings at the Hisarlik hill in Northwestern Asia Minor (Turkey), the records of the Hittites seem to confirm the existence of at least one historical core in the Homeric epics. Of course, given that even then official state records were not shy of political expediency, and due to the current lack of more tangible archaeological evidence, along with the valid counterarguments of scientists and researchers, our conclusions must be extremely cautious regarding what really happened, if it happened, where exactly it happened, and how it happened, concerning the Homeric Trojan War.

The exceptional work of archaeologist and professor Konstantinos Kapanias on Hittite texts sheds light on the military and political events along the coasts of western Asia Minor in which the Achaeans were involved. Up to that point. The relationship of all this with the Homeric Trojan War or with the "Trojan Wars" remains at the level of research. In any case, historical accuracy should not be the primary concern in the timeless literary, philological, psychological, political, and philosophical value that the Homeric epics hold.