The Mediterranean diet is now regarded by nutritionists as a way of life that offers long-term health and well-being, with Crete at its center, as supported by research conducted internationally. It has been found that the residents of Crete exhibit the lowest mortality rates concerning cardiovascular diseases and cancer.

Researchers then focused their attention on the specific aspects of the diet responsible for this strong health. The history of the Cretan diet is very ancient, with its roots deeply embedded in the Neolithic era. Today, science has no evidence, only indirect indications of the dietary habits of Cretans 5,000 years ago. However, a clear picture of these habits emerges from as far back as 4,000 years ago, when the Minoan civilization was at its peak.

Based on archaeological findings, it appears that the ancient Cretans, the Minoans, consumed almost the same products that are consumed today by modern Cretans. Large clay jars (pithoi) were found in Minoan palaces, used for storing olive oil, grains, legumes, and honey. In various figurative representations, we can also see the wonderful world of Cretan plants and herbs.

During the Byzantine period, Cretans remained faithful to their nutritional heritage and culinary practices. On one hand, urban families preferred to prepare complex meals, discreetly known for their exceptional taste. On the other hand, the rural population strictly lived off the products they cultivated: greens, fruits, legumes, olives, and olive oil. However, Cretans utilized their accumulated knowledge and imagination with these humble products, producing delicious outcomes. This practice sustained Cretans through difficult times, during periods of continuous conquests by the Arabs (824-961), the Venetians (1204-1669), and the Turks (1669-1898).

A significant change in the Cretan diet occurred with the introduction of new crops, particularly the tomato, from the New World. Conquerors came and went from Crete, but the spirit, religion, language, and cuisine of the Cretans remained unchanged over the centuries!