The Imperialist Campaign in Asia Minor and the rivalries of capitalist states in the region caused tens of thousands of victims and uprooted millions of Greeks, Turks, Armenians, and others. Hundreds of thousands of refugees arrived in Greece and were subjected to the harshest class exploitation.

This edition, edited by the History Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Greece (KKE), contains rich material on well-known and unknown aspects of this war: it records the imperialist rivalries and the involvement of the Greek and Turkish bourgeoisie, presents the "uncharted" actions of anti-war groups within the bourgeois army, and investigates the degree of destabilization of capitalist power.

Useful conclusions are drawn for the present and the future, such as:

- The peoples, with the working class as the leading force, must in no case – whether in attack or defense – align themselves with the bourgeoisie, trusting their governments, their offensive or defensive plans, which are directly or medium-term detrimental to the peoples.

- The peoples must maintain vigilance and readiness to organize their own self-organized defense and counterattack, an issue that belongs as a guiding duty to the Communist Party.

From this perspective, the preparation of the subjective factor in the direction of proletarian internationalism, the internationalism of the peoples, emerges as the unique necessity-principle for the communist movement, so that in times of war, the children of different peoples turn their weapons not against each other, but against both the foreign and their own capitalist forces, aiming for the overthrow of capitalist power and their class liberation.