Anaphylaxis is a serious and life-threatening allergic reaction that occurs quickly after exposure to allergens, which are usually foods, medications, and venom from certain stinging insects (bees, wasps).

Besides the skin, various systems can be involved in anaphylaxis, such as the respiratory (upper and lower), gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular systems. Symptoms of anaphylaxis include the typical symptoms of rhinitis/conjunctivitis, itching, and erythema, which are usually accompanied by the hives of urticaria and angioedema (lips, eyelids, face) as well as abdominal pain (with or without vomiting). It can also present with wheezing, difficulty breathing, asthma symptoms (cough, wheezing), drop in blood pressure, dizziness, fainting, and loss of consciousness. In anaphylactic shock, insufficient blood circulation to various organs/systems of the body is observed, resulting in collapse.

It is particularly important to recognize the symptoms of anaphylaxis promptly and for the medical-nursing staff to respond rapidly. The treatment of acute anaphylactic episodes always includes the immediate intramuscular administration of adrenaline (epinephrine) followed by supportive therapy. Adrenaline is also available in an auto-injectable pre-filled syringe form for intramuscular administration, which can be administered even by the patient themselves when experiencing an anaphylaxis episode.

Individuals with a history of anaphylactic episodes and at risk of experiencing serious symptoms of this clinical entity should always be examined by an allergist. This is necessary to investigate and document potential causal factors, identify any co-factors, exclude other illnesses, and assess the risk for a new episode of anaphylaxis. Additionally, these patients must be properly trained in the administration of adrenaline and be responsibly informed by the allergist about therapeutic options and the allergen avoidance plan, which they should always be aware of and strictly follow.