The 19th century was one of the most peaceful for the European continent. It was also the century with a starting point of returning to the past and then continuing the conquest of the ideals of the French Revolution. It was therefore called the century of freedoms.

It ended with the clash of two great continental powers and left a legacy of revenge for the next century. The 20th century proved to be the bloodiest century for Europe. It nurtured two world conflicts with millions of casualties and ultimately a Cold War between the western and eastern worlds.

The fall of existing socialism in the Soviet Union radically changed the rules of the game. China inherited the exclusivity of the communist shield and achieved great growth rates thanks to its mixed system.

The 21st century began with a major bloody conflict, with Russia's attack on Ukraine. As for the international system, it is now bipolar, with the USA and China sharing the fates of the world.