From the 5th century BC, when Pythagoras first composed the laws of Western music and science, to the flourishing of Romanticism over 2000 years later, scientists and philosophers perceived the universe musically, as an organized mechanism whose smooth operation created a celestial harmony - the music of the spheres. The division of science and music began with the scientific revolution during the Renaissance and culminated with Romanticism, which celebrated the human, the individual, and the local. In the 20th century, science and music, Jamie James argues in this book, have rejected the romantic idea and have repositioned the ultimate focus outside the accessible realm of human logic. The book offers an overview of the history of science and music, a reevaluation of Romanticism and the modernist reaction to it, as well as a radical intellectual path.