The fully revised second edition of this successful volume includes updates on the latest archaeological research in all chapters, as well as two new essays on Greek and Roman art. It retains its unique format with paired essays, as well as significant contributions from leading archaeologists and historians of the classical world. The second edition is updated and revised throughout, presenting the latest research and new theoretical approaches to classical archaeology. It includes brand new essays on ancient Greek and Roman art in a contemporary context. Designed to encourage critical thinking about the interpretation of ancient material culture and the role of contemporary perceptions in the study of art and archaeology. It includes paired essays – one covering the Greek world, the other the Roman – to stimulate dialogue not only between the two ancient civilizations but also among scholars from different historiographical and methodological traditions. It includes maps, timelines, diagrams, photographs, and brief introductions to each chapter.