The book "The Psychoanalysis of Children," first published in 1932, is a classic work in its field and revolutionized child analysis. Melanie Klein had already proven, through the special technique she devised, that she was a pioneer in this area. She made it possible to extend psychoanalysis to the realm of early childhood, and in doing so, not only allowed the treatment of young children but also shed new light on psychological development in childhood and the roots of adult neuroses and psychoses.