Translated by W.H. White and A.K. Stirling. With an Introduction by Don Garrett.
Benedict de Spinoza lived a life of unblemished simplicity as a lens grinder in the Netherlands. However, during his lifetime, he was expelled from the Jewish community of Amsterdam as a heretic, and after his death, his work was initially banned by Christian authorities as atheistic, before being praised by humanists as the gospel of Pantheism.
His "Ethics," presented in geometrical order, reveals the reality behind this enigmatic figure. First published by his friends after his premature death at the age of forty-four, the "Ethics" employs Euclidean methods to describe a unique entity, referred to as both 'God' and 'Nature,' whose spirit and matter are two manifestations. From this arise, in ways that are strikingly contemporary, the identity of mind and body, the necessary causation of events and actions, and the illusory nature of free will.
- Pages: 368
- Dimensions: 12.9x12.9 cm
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