This book makes a significant contribution, from the perspective of normative political theory, to the ongoing discussion about equality and its various manifestations, such as the phenomena of extreme poverty, the continuous widening of the gap between the rich and the poor, and the unjust discrimination that stigmatizes individuals and groups.

Although we are usually more concerned with the consequences of inequality rather than inequality itself, T. M. Scanlon explains why we should consider inequality itself to be morally objectionable. Why, that is, should we care about the difference between what two people have if that difference does not have consequences for their health, their opportunities, their well-being? If what my neighbor has does not affect the quality of my life, why should I care that they have more than I do? Why is it not enough that I live well, but I still engage in comparisons?

By frequently referring to empirical reality and without resorting to philosophical jargon, Scanlon attempts to process and express in understandable language fundamental contrasts as well as refined distinctions that inform our stance towards inequality.

The presentation of various different perspectives encourages the reader to think more deeply about equality, while the frequent recaps help them to stay on track.