Lord, God, Father of ours, Yahweh, Elohim, Adonai, Jesus or Allah: all seem to have a "kinship." This does not mean that we can translate one into another nor that they are identical, as those who argue for the concept of "Abrahamic religions" claim. It is a fact that only three religions refer to revelations and urge us to believe in a God who reveals Himself in different ways, depending on whether we are Jews, Christians, or Muslims.

Philippe Borgeaud, however, emphasizes a crucial point: For the historian or the anthropologist, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, animism, or Hinduism do not exist in themselves, just as the gods with which we associate these religions do not exist. Thus, religion is nothing but the words, feelings, and actions of those who declare themselves its advocates or opponents.

In order to understand this fundamental divergence between common sense and the observation of the humanities, it is necessary to compare beliefs. The author poses the question: Can we still demonstrate disbelief? Centered around this question, he analyzes the systems of thought regarding religions and invites us to reexamine the myths and foundational texts that helped transform ancestral practices and beliefs into "religions."