Calcium is an integral component of the skeleton. Approximately 99% of the body’s total calcium is found in the bones and teeth (as calcium hydroxyapatite), where it plays a fundamental structural role, while the remaining 1% acts as an intracellular messenger between cells and tissues.
Vitamin D is essential for the regulation of calcium and phosphorus, making it necessary for musculoskeletal health. Although vitamin D is produced in the skin after exposure to sunlight (UVB), obtaining it from food or even supplements is considered necessary, as exposure to appropriate sunlight is not always feasible or should be limited.
Vitamin K was for many years considered important only for blood clotting, but more and more of its health benefits are now being demonstrated, especially with regard to bones and joints. Vitamin K promotes the production of osteocalcin, thus improving bone mass and reducing the risk of fractures and bone deterioration.
Calcium intake alone is not sufficient for its proper use by the body, as the presence of both vitamin D3 and K2 is necessary for its absorption and function.