Tempered glass is a hardened glass, specially designed to cover and protect the mobile screen from scratches and other damages. It does not affect the screen's functionality.
Besides the protection it offers, it features adhesive on the entire surface, unlike edge glue glasses that have adhesive only around their perimeter. This helps in better fitting and smooth touchscreen operation. Additionally, it prevents dust from passing underneath, which can happen with edge glue when the perimeter adhesive wears off.