The Surangama Sutra literally means "Profound Essential Teaching." The original Sanskrit text no longer exists, and this work survives through Chinese translations.

It is the most methodical presentation of Buddhist teachings and the path to enlightenment. It belongs to the esoteric Buddhist texts. This teaching is considered esoteric and secret because it is one of the rare texts that have a direct impact on the mind of the reader.

It consists of a series of self-evident truths that clarify the fundamental issues of ontology and philosophy and consequently lead to the awakening and enlightenment of those who read and meditate on them.

This is also why an alternative title for this work is Surangama Mantram, where mantram refers to words, phrases, and texts with special spiritual power.