Indicates the frequency range that a microphone can capture and is expressed in Hertz (Hz). The more balanced the range, the more natural and clear the sound.

Usage examples:

• 100 – 10,000 Hz to 200 – 12,000 Hz: Emphasis on speech intelligibility, with limited low and very high frequencies.
• 50 – 14,000 Hz to 80 – 16,000 Hz: Balance of volume and clarity. Ideal for live performances and dynamic microphones.
• 40 – 15,000 Hz to 50 – 18,000 Hz: Rich, natural vocal sound. Suitable for podcasts, radio, and streaming.
• 20 – 18,000 Hz to 20 – 20,000 Hz: Full spectrum with high detail and "air". Ideal for studio recording.
• Below 20 Hz & above 20,000 Hz: Extended technical range for specialized studio applications.

The sensitivity of a microphone indicates how strong the signal it produces is when recording a sound. It is measured in mV/Pa or dBV/Pa.

• High sensitivity: The microphone can capture very low sounds, but it may be more sensitive to ambient noise.
• Low sensitivity: It records louder sound sources without distortion, but requires more amplification from the preamp.

In general, condenser microphones have higher sensitivity than dynamic ones.

Max SPL (Maximum Sound Pressure Level) is the maximum sound pressure level (in dB) that a microphone can withstand before it starts to distort the sound.

• High Max SPL (e.g., 140-160dB): Ideal for recording loud sources such as drums, amplified guitar, or live concerts.
• Lower Max SPL (e.g., 120dB): Suitable for vocals and softer recordings.

The higher the Max SPL, the louder the sounds it can capture without distortion.