The rapid technological advancement and the digitization of society have reshaped the global security landscape. In this context, terrorism has transformed by utilizing digital media and information and communication technologies, influencing both its strategic actions and the way its narratives are disseminated.

Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, a notable "metamorphosis" of terrorism has been observed, along with the formation of an inseparable connection with cyberspace. This evolution highlights cyberterrorism as a new, complex threat. Drawing on David C. Rapoport's theory of waves of terrorism, the book offers a comprehensive framework for understanding the evolutionary course of terrorism, posing the question: does cyberterrorism represent the fifth wave of terrorism?

The "Digital Jihad" model empirically examines the digital practices of Al Qaeda and ISIS, identifying similarities and differences, as well as their developmental trajectories in the digital environment. It analyzes their recruitment, propaganda, training, operational planning, funding, global networking of supporters, and the use of artificial intelligence strategies.

The book concludes that terrorism in the modern international environment has evolved, with technology acting as a catalyst for this reality. Al Qaeda and ISIS are presented as the main proponents of the fifth wave of terrorism.

Preface, Series Editor: Athanasios H. Bozinis

Text Editor: Teti Palaiothodoru

Preface: Athanasios G. Platis