This work deals with discrimination in employment relationships, when these are based on personal characteristics of the employee, and due to their particular and sensitive nature, they are in practice one of the most common sources of disputes and conflicts. For this reason, they have attracted increased interest from both the European Union and national legislation, and have heavily influenced case law.

The significant role of collective autonomy in shaping employment relations naturally brings it into conflict with issues of discrimination related to the personal characteristics of workers, including gender, religion, and age. Indeed, such types of discrimination are more frequent and broader in scope compared to discrimination based on the type of employment, specifically in so-called atypical working arrangements.

This work aims to analyze all the traditionally arising issues from a contemporary perspective that considers current social conditions.