The Civil Procedure Code underwent significant and extensive changes with laws 5221/2025, 5264/2025, and 5282/2026, which permeate all related regulations, shaping a new structure of civil litigation.

The purpose of this work is to provide a more precise understanding of the new regulations, as well as their interpretation, in a way that aims to highlight their practical dimension and enhance their effectiveness. This approach is based, on one hand, on the knowledge of the teleology of the legislative changes, as it was shaped and highlighted during their preparation by the relevant Working Group – in which the first author participated – and, on the other hand, on the experience of the other three judicial officers in applying procedural regulations in day-to-day judicial practice, which is also intended to be utilized interpretatively.

Specifically analyzed are the most important changes in the structure of civil litigation from the general provisions, the radically new regular procedure, the structural changes in the second-instance trial, to the related changes in the enforcement procedure. At the same time, related amendments that occurred in the procedure of small claims, special procedures, and voluntary jurisdiction are also examined, while changes brought about, chronologically after the procedural amendments, by the recently submitted Draft Law on the new Inheritance Law are taken into account accordingly.