The study took into account the entirety of Dostoevsky's work and contemporary literature. The content of the Russian novelist's works can become the subject of philosophical and literary analysis. Dostoevsky remains a writer who thinks philosophically. Prompted by the dominance of rationalism, Dostoevsky poses through his characters the critical question regarding the existence of God: "If God does not exist, everything is permitted." For Dostoevsky, man is a being that oppresses and is oppressed, acting enigmatically and not always logically. The fundamental idea of freedom is related to the question of God's existence, as well as to the problem of evil. Essentially, the Russian writer follows the Byzantine philosophical tradition.