The events that occurred during the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and its transformation process (1908-1923) have always caused ambivalence. Deliberate denial and chosen silence have defined the priorities of historical science, as well as art. The Hellenism of the East and its destruction were not part of the scholarly priorities of modern Greek studies.

This book expresses the need to present the transition from the multinational Ottoman Empire to the era of the nation-state and to clarify unexplored elements of history, such as – among other things – the reasons why the militaristic movement of the Young Turks decided and carried out the genocide of non-Muslim populations, as well as the responsibilities of the Greek political system and the great powers of the time for the Greek defeat.