Nikoleta Raltseva was born in Sofia. She graduated from Sofia University, School of Slavic Philology. Immediately after her graduation, she was appointed at the Institute of Foreign Students of Sofia, where she taught Bulgarian language to foreign students and Greek language to Bulgarians. (1980-1998). At the South-West University of Bulgaria, (School of Balkan Studies), she taught: "Greek language", "Phonology and Phonetics of the Greek Language" (1990-1994). At the New Bulgarian University (School of European and Slavic Studies), she taught Polish language (1992-1994). From 2001 to 2008, she worked as a Specialized Scientist at the Department of Language, Philology, and Culture of the Black Sea Countries at Democritus University of Thrace, with research subjects: "Bulgarian language", "Teaching methodology of Bulgarian language and literature", "History of Bulgarian language", "History of ancient Bulgarian literature". Since 2008, she has been working as a Specialized Scientist at the University of Western Macedonia with the research subject "Bulgarian language".
She has participated in scientific conferences in Bulgaria, Greece, Albania, and Russia. She has published articles in various scientific journals on topics of teaching and translation of Slavic languages, comparative Slavic and Balkan linguistics.