Ethics is at the core of the nuclear problem: will we have a world based on a culture of peace or a culture of violence? Nuclear weapons are fundamentally immoral: they can act indiscriminately, killing people who are now alive and generations yet to be born. And the consequence of their use could be the end of humanity.

I do not believe that people in the world accept a policy that is immoral by nature and can lead to destruction. The beautiful words from the pen of Bertrand Russell say in the manifesto: "Before us lies, if we choose, continuous progress towards happiness, knowledge, and wisdom. But on the contrary, shall we choose death because we cannot forget our disputes? We appeal to you as humans to humans? Remember that you are human and forget the rest."

Einstein made us think about everything—nothing is absolute, everything is relative. He was a scientist but also a realist and was aware of what was happening in the world. I admire him not only as a great scientist but also as a great human being. I believe that if he were alive today, he would still be working on his theories. But he would also be working to achieve peace.

(Joseph Rotblat, Nobel Peace Prize 1995)