Books III - V: The concept of the city and the citizen. Types of government. Democracy, oligarchy, monarchy. Types of monarchy. Forms of governments that prevail and their deviant forms. Regarding the ideal government. Pathology of governments. Causes and forms of expression of attitudes in various governments.

Aristotle, son of the physician Nicomachus, was born in Stagira in 384 BC. There is little information about the early years of his life. At the age of seventeen, he went to Athens to study at the Platonic Academy. He stayed there for twenty years, from 367 to 348 BC, when Plato died. Then Aristotle left for Assos in Troas, and after a three-year stay there, he went to Lesbos and then to Macedonia, where he undertook the education of the royal child Alexander.

When his student ascended to the throne, Aristotle settled in Athens and founded his school, the Lyceum. After Alexander's death (323 BC), the philosopher's stay in Athens became difficult. He was forced to seek refuge in Chalcis, his mother's homeland, where he died in 322. A universal spirit, Aristotle created a vast and valuable philosophical and scientific work.

Epistemology, logic, theology, physics, biology, psychology, ethics, political philosophy, aesthetics are the main cognitive areas he researched and studied. The Alexandrian Hermippus estimated Aristotle's works at 400. To this day, lists have survived that include 143 titles of his works. Diogenes Laertius estimated the number of lines of Aristotle's writings at 440,000. The influence of his work on the development of global thought has been, for centuries, and remains, strong.