The two kings of Sparta who enacted reformist policies, and the two Roman brothers who attempted to improve the social conditions that had developed in Rome after the conquests.

The biographer and philosopher Plutarch (c. 50-120 AD) was born in Chaeronea, Boeotia. Through his travels, he broadened his intellectual horizons and came into contact with prominent figures of his time, mainly distinguished Romans. He spent most of his life in his homeland and held public priestly offices.

His surviving work is distinguished into historical-biographical parts and the so-called 'Moral' writings. In the 'Parallel Lives,' prominent Greeks and Romans are compared, indirectly contrasting the worlds each represents.

In the 'Moral' writings, issues of ethics, philosophy, science, politics, literary criticism, as well as topics from the fields of religion, nature, history, etc., are explored, sometimes in the form of dialogues and sometimes in treatises or dissertations.

Erudite and with a refined spirit, the author expressed traditional Greek values with simplicity and an optimistic perspective. His work delights and educates, while also being an important source of literature from the classical and Hellenistic periods.