Except for Marx's "Capital," there is certainly no book from the field of social sciences that has sparked as many and as intense discussions and reactions as this work by Max Weber. Many hundreds of books and thousands of articles have dealt with Weber's "thesis on Puritanism," as this famous and classic analysis of the influence of Puritan ethics on the "spirit" and development of capitalism has ultimately been termed. The fundamental scientific question that Max Weber tries to answer with this work is the problem of the exclusive emergence of capitalism in one and only one area of the world. - How and why only there and not elsewhere? - What factors prepared the ground and which elements intensified the pace and processes? - Under what real and ideological conditions did this unprecedented self-discipline of man, associated with primary capital accumulation, take place? Ultimately, the entirety of Max Weber's work revolves around these fundamental questions. Specifically, however, with the "thesis on Puritanism," he attempts to grasp the significance and weight of religiously characterized conscious contents in daily practice, and specifically the Puritan beliefs in those processes that allowed the transition from the ancient urban phenomenon to the capitalist phenomenon, which appears for the first time in the world in Western Europe.