This volume includes an initial theoretical part that examines the changes brought about in modern Pedagogy by the ideological currents of Existentialism, Pragmatism, and Postmodernity, while also analyzing the extensive influence they have had on the reformulation of the field of Teaching Methodology. Consequently, there is an adequate treatment of the parameters that make up the field of Classification of Teaching Objectives, both in general and more focused on Teaching Methodology and the Pedagogical Exploitation of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The second part is an application of the theory and includes Teaching Scenarios of Turkish as a second or foreign language, which were designed collaboratively, combining language and the field of culture, and are part of the teaching framework of the corresponding knowledge subjects of the Department of Turkish Studies and Modern Asian Studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens.