Lord Byron described Greece as great, fallen, and immortal, a characteristic phrase that demonstrates its historical significance. Throughout its long history, Greece has been poor, but in the classical era, it was densely populated and particularly urbanized. Many Greeks lived in large residences and worked with high wages in specialized professions. The consumer spending of the middle class fueled sustainable economic growth, and the classical wealth led to an astonishing cultural flourishing that lasted for centuries.

This book by Joseph Ober examines how Greece reached such heights during the classical period and why this happened only then. By utilizing a vast base of newly available data, Ober provides a new history of classical Greece and a unique narrative about its rise and fall. He argues that the rise of Greece was not a miracle but the result of political and economic developments.

The extraordinary reform of the city-states with a citizen-centered character transformed Greece, enabling it to defeat the great Persian Empire. However, Philip and Alexander of Macedon managed to defeat the Greeks at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, a victory made possible by the appropriation of Greek innovations by the Macedonians. After Alexander's death, experienced warlords fiercely fought for the remnants of his empire. Meanwhile, the Greek cities remained numerous and wealthy, maintaining their economy and culture, a legacy passed on to the Romans and to us.

An exciting narrative filled with vivid contemporary parallels, this book is for anyone interested in how great civilizations are born and die. Pages: 448, Dimensions: 12.7x12.7cm