If humanity's fervent desire is immortality, then must it strive to achieve it in order to perhaps also solve global problems and to fully utilize its potential to fulfill its destiny? Might it be that if this is not accomplished, humanity will perish or lose its prominent position on the planet during the accelerating development of technology, which seems to have become autonomous?

In order to defend its supremacy against artificial intelligence, does humanity have the duty to upgrade itself physically, intellectually, and morally, potentially evolving into a cyber-organism?

This study is the first work in Greek on the philosophy of human enhancement. It constitutes a multi-layered introduction to this within the context of transhumanism and technical posthumanism, two complex heterogeneous movements that encompass philosophical anthropology, the philosophy of technology, and the philosophy of mind.

By discussing their similarities and differences, it shows how they advocate for the radical enhancement of humanity by uniting various problematic issues from disparate fields such as medicine, social sciences, physics, cognitive science, neurotechnology, computer science, molecular biology, nanotechnology, and research on artificial intelligence.

The study traces the origins of transhumanism and technical posthumanism to present their evolution, highlighting both their theoretical sources as well as the economic and social conditions that contributed to their dissemination.

It clarifies the types and forms of radical human enhancement that they promote based on their scientificity, but primarily regarding their ethical and political implications, offering a critique of the arguments made by their main representatives.

By rejecting transhumanism and technical posthumanism as anti-human ideologies, the book outlines a philosophy of human enhancement through the lens of digital humanism with the aim of preserving humanity and the continuity of humankind in their current form.