“Basically, we do not have the right to talk about normality or abnormality in the inner life of a child or in the inner life of people overall… No one gains much from such a classification, and the first thing that should happen is that the doctor or teacher should not choose such a kind of evaluation, but to move beyond the way people are usually accustomed to thinking” (Rudolf Steiner).

Speaking in 1924, when the general attitude towards individuals with special needs was not at all enlightened, Steiner gave this fundamental series of lectures to a small group of teachers and doctors as a foundation for their future work. In today’s cultural framework, backward ideas such as social Darwinism and eugenics were not only tolerated but also popular.

On the contrary, Steiner was dedicated to the progressive work of special education and, according to the words of one of the attendees, “delivered the lesson with pleasure and satisfaction.” Steiner describes the polarities of illness and draws therapeutic directions from a comprehensive analysis. He examines many individual cases in detail and provides suggestions for therapeutic exercises, nutrition, and medications.

He states that the “Ego” is directly related to the physical body and that spirit and soul should be considered in diagnosis. Throughout the lectures, Steiner offers valuable advice for the self-development of teachers, emphasizing the need for enthusiasm, humor, and courage.

Just like Steiner’s lectures on agriculture, this course had a huge international impact, inspiring the creation of hundreds of schools and communities for individuals with special needs, including the Camphill Movement and Steiner’s initiatives for special education.

Revolutionary in approach, the long-term perspectives of these lectures are valuable material for educators and professionals in the field of special education.