The period 1588-1865 gives birth to the modern economy, the early democracy, which challenges the decisions of absolute monarchy. It also gives rise to the phenomenon of total war.

In total war, victory or defeat is not only the result of developments on the battlefield. Defeat may stem from the economic weakening of the opponent and the collapse of the home front due to famine, sabotage, pandemics, etc. The long duration of a conflict can lead to exhaustion and defeat.

Thus, in total war, victory or defeat is the result of a combination of military tactics or strategies with other factors (economic, technological, demographic). A book that introduces the reader to the modern international system and its multiple facets, written by a profound economist-internationalist, an associate professor at the Military Academy of Evzones.