The book began to be written in 1991, as part of the course "Theory of Preschool Education" that I taught to second-year students of the Department of Preschool Teachers at the University of Thessaly. For three consecutive years, I provided students with a volume of teaching notes, which included a section of the current book, aimed at addressing the needs of the homonymous course. With its new format and editing, this book is addressed to those who are truly interested in preschool education (educators, students of pedagogical departments, parents, etc.). This brief study aspires to integrate theory and practice and contribute to the fruitful dialogue about preschool pedagogy and the philosophy of education. The fact of the existence of many and often controversial opinions, although it obliged us to occasionally refer to preschool practice, we believe that it did not trap us into creating a collection of pedagogical "recipes".