This work is the result of international research activity by prominent and emerging representatives of the Greek community in the field of natural sciences at the early stages of education. Distinguished researchers from abroad are also involved, such as Wolff-Michael Roth, Agustin Aduriz-Bravo, and Olmes Bisi.

Wolff-Michael Roth is an internationally awarded researcher in applied cognitive science, with an exceptionally rich and significant body of work. Agustin Aduriz-Bravo delves into the history and philosophy of science. Olmes Bisi supports the globally renowned Reggio Emilia kindergartens with research and develops innovations such as the Atelier Ray of Light and the Atelier of Water and Energy.

The Greek community presents samples of its research activity at universities and schools in Patras, Athens, Cyprus, Thessaloniki, Alexandroupoli, Florina, and Crete. Interuniversity and interdisciplinary teams investigate topics related to the teaching of natural sciences in the laboratory and in scientific dialogues with the arts and culture.

The laboratory, the large texts, storytelling, argumentation, dramatic play, semiotics, museums, environmental centers, software, and robotics become dynamic tools for researchers/educators and facilitate learning through activities from the world of natural sciences.

Research/educational approaches to these topics move from the sociocognitive framework to a broader sociocultural one. In our view, sociocultural theory is the contemporary challenge to gradually distance ourselves from dualisms, labels, compartmentalization, and school exclusion, and to approach the ontology of processes, as well as the inseparability of individuality from collectivity.

Cultural Historical Activity Theory - CHAT is presented as a feasible modern example for the reconceptualization of natural science teaching at the intersection of psychology and sociology.

The book is aimed at researchers and educators involved in the education of young children in the natural sciences, for the development of scientifically literate citizens who will contribute to peace and sustainability.