Lysistrata: This comedy by Aristophanes, written and performed in 411 BC, is considered one of the oldest and most characteristic anti-war works. Its central theme is the sex strike declared by the women of Athens, led by Lysistrata and with the support of women from other Greek cities, aiming to force their men to stop the Peloponnesian War—a goal they ultimately achieve after a series of humorous and comic episodes.

Ecclesiazusae: Ecclesiazusae is another political comedy-satire characteristic of Aristophanes, featuring women as protagonists. Here, the dynamic and cunning Praxagora takes the lead in the women's uprising, aiming not to restore the previous state, as in Lysistrata, but to radically transform the Athenian democracy. Disguised as men, Praxagora and her followers seize the Assembly of the people, where women normally had no voting rights, and pass a law transferring power into the hands of women, who impose communal ownership of property and love.

Aristophanes wrote during a time when Athens was politically and socially collapsing. Through his works, he expressed his bitterness about the decline and condemned corruption. He harshly criticized sophists, demagogues, and others. He possessed extensive knowledge, evident from the references he made to many works of both known and unknown poets. He depicted reality vividly and clearly, while his subtle irony and clever allusions attest to his wit.